The hurdy-gurdy was (and still is) a mechanical violin using a rosined wooden wheel attached to a crank to “bow” its strings. 911) cited the Byzantine lyra, in his lexicographical discussion of instruments as a bowed instrument equivalent to the Arab rabāb and typical instrument of the Byzantines along with the urghun ( organ), shilyani (probably a type of harp or lyre) and the salandj (probably a bagpipe). The Persian geographer Ibn Khurradadhbih of the 9th century (d. The bowed lyra of the Byzantine Empire was the first recorded European bowed string instrument. The dulcimers, similar in structure to the psaltery and zither, were originally plucked, but became struck in the 14th century after the arrival of the new technology that made metal strings possible. Mediaeval music uses many plucked string instruments like the lute, mandore, gittern and psaltery. This instrument’s pipes were made of wood, and were graduated in length to produce different pitches. One of the flute’s predecessors, the pan flute, was popular in mediaeval times, and is possibly of Hellenic origin. The gemshorn is similar to the recorder in having finger holes on its front, though it is actually a member of the ocarina family. The recorder has more or less retained its past form. The flute was once made of wood rather than silver or other metal, and could be made as a side-blown or end-blown instrument. Instruments used to perform mediaeval music still exist, but in different forms. A musician plays the vielle in a fourteenth-century Medieval manuscript.
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